Aging - Lesson 1 - Aging and historical research milestones

Aging is a natural, irreversible biological process that occurs in all organs and in all species. Medical research statistics show that the incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases is especially age-related such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, musculoskeletal diseases and immune system diseases. skyrocketing due to the rapidly aging population and is the leading cause of death.

Because aging is one of the primary risk factors for most chronic diseases, scientists have predicted that an understanding of the aging process will help identify treatment targets for these diseases. age-related diseases while developing pharmacological compounds suitable for clinical use that will be approved in the future. Furthermore, in-depth research into the pathogenesis of aging allows the identification of interventions that enhance health and longevity (such as calorie restriction, gut microbiota-enhancing transplants, and nutritional interventions) or clinical treatments for aging-related diseases (reducing senescent cells, stem cell therapy, antioxidants) anti-inflammatory treatments, and alternative therapies Hormone replacement... can reduce the incidence and development of aging-related diseases and thereby promote healthy aging and prolong life.

Outstanding historical milestones in the process of aging research

1925: Light intensity affects the rate of development and longevity of Drosophila
1939: Calorie restriction affects aging and longevity in rats
1947: population aging, death rate due to diabetes increased
1950: RDH and aging
1956: free radical theory and aging
1961: discovered that fibroblasts have a limited lifespan
1967: PD and old age
1970: PD and old age
1972: mitochondrial theory of aging
1973: Oxidative capacity decreases with age
1983: First isolation of gene segments that regulate aging
1984: Age-dependent structural changes in myocardium
1988: Mitochondrial DNA mutations promote aging
1989: Cytochrome oxidative deficiency is associated with cardiomyocyte aging
1990: Mitochondrial DNA mutations in cardiomyopathy
1991: Mitochondrial DNA mutations in human liver cells are associated with longevity
1992: Mitochondrial DNA mutations are increased in aged human brains
1993: daf-2 mutation causes delayed aging in C-elegans
2004: Mice lacking mitochondrial DNA polymerase showed premature aging phenotype
2006: Impaired gene expression on mitochondria leads to shortened lifespan
2009: deletion of the TOR1 gene prolongs lifespan
2013: Metformin prolongs lifespan in mice
2014: NAD+ and premature aging
2018: first anti-aging trial on humans
2022: single cell RNA-seq on HP

Future predictions:

• Biomarkers and targets
• Anti-aging treatments
• Preventive and curative therapy for aging diseases
• Improve overall health